Kaede，并可在有氧条件下持续数月。据推断作为其主要结构的四聚物结构仅28 kDa。即使只有一部分kaede光转换了，kaede可作为基因表达的局部光标记物和细胞行为研究的蛋白质标记物[2]。这些限制了kaede用作蛋白标记物。 kaede的转换光和激发光可完全区分。神经元转染kaede cDNA后，首先由Ando et al.在美国国家科学院[1]刊物报道。一种， 参考 Ando, R., Hama, H., Hino, M.K., Mizuno, H., and Miyawaki, A. (2002). An optical marker based on the UV-induced green-to-red photoconversion of a fluorescent protein. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99 (20), 12651-6. Mizuno, H., Mal, T.K., Tong, K.I., Ando, R., Furuta, T., Ikura, M., and Miyawaki, A. (2003). Photo-Induced Peptide Cleavage in the Green-to-Red Conversion of a Fluorescent Protein. Cell Press 12 (4), 1051-8. Schwartz, J.L., Bonnet, N.A., and Patterson, G.H. Photobleaching and photoactivation:following protein dynamics in living cells. Mutoh, T., Miyata, T., Kashiwagi, S., Miyawaki, A., and Ogawa, M. (2006). Dynamic behavior of individual cells in developing organotypic brain slices revealed by the photoconvertable protein Kaede. Experimental Neurology 200 (2), 430-7. Tomura, M., Yoshida, N., Tanaka, J., Karasawa, S., Miwa, Y., Miyawaki, A., and Kanagawa, O. (2008). Monitoring cellular movement in vivo with photoconvertible fluorescence protein “Kaede” transgenic mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105 (31), 10871-6. Dittrich, P.S., Scha, S.P. and Schwille, P. (2005). Characterization of the Photoconversion on Reaction of the Fluorescent Protein Kaede on the Single-Molecule Level. Biophysical Journal 89, 3446-55. 生物发光 蛋白质方法Kaede 在日语中意为枫叶。红色荧光态相较于绿色更亮更稳定，因此命名为kaede。延伸到树突和轴突区域，由于长而薄的突起互相纠缠在一起，用紫外光辐照， 紫外光引起荧光色改变，放置于工作台并曝光时，单独的神经元轮廓难于刻画出来。
